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World Distribution FMD
Serotypes
Susceptibility
Molecular Epidemiology
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The SAT viruses are restricted to Africa, although they have caused occasional
outbreaks in the Middle East which have never persisted. The SAT 1 and
SAT 3 serotypes rarely cause outbreaks in cattle and are usually only
found in the African buffalo populations. The SAT 2 serotype is the most
frequently found cause of FMD in cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. It can
maintain itself for many years, particularly in the zebu breed of cattle.
Other wildlife species, particularly impala, have been implicated in the
transmission of SAT serotypes between buffalo and cattle.
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