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Actual and Predicted Costs/Losses
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Cost-benefit analysis may be used to attempt to quantify all of the financial consequences
of FMD and relate these to the full costs of a vaccination programme (including labour,
transport, materials etc).
It is common practice to analyse different groups of animals, such as draught, high
quality dairy cattle and indigenous cattle, using different disease control strategies,
including scenarios in which the level of vaccination is reduced or more focused in the
later years of a programme.
In countries where disease is endemic or there is a regular threat from neighbouring
countries, cost-benefit analyses have indicated very favourable ratios provided
vaccination is properly organised and integrated with other recognised disease-control
strategies. Cost-benefit ratios ranging from 1:3.6 to 1:8 have been calculated for a number
of developing countries.
When the threat of disease introduction is reduced significantly, it can be shown that
annual preventative vaccination programmes are less cost-effective than sporadic
eradication programmes.
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