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FMD vaccines may be assessed either on the basis of protection of the
target species against challenge with infectious virus or by using an
in vitro method which has been shown to correlate with protection.
One such method is the virus neutralisation test, which is almost universally accepted as an alternative to live virus challenge. Live virus challenge is less commonly used today because of the potential risk of virus escape from the animal units, the pain and distress caused to the test animals (usually cattle), and the high cost of these experiments.
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