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Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

References

 

 

Laboratory diagnosis

Anderson, E.C, Capstick, P.B., Mowat, G.N., and Leech, F.B. (1970) 'In vitro method for safety testing of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines' J. Hyg., vol 68, 159-172.

Alonso, A., Gomes, M.P.D., Martins M.A and Sondahl, M.S. (1990) Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection-associated antigen antibodies: comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agar gel immunodiffusion tests. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 9, 233-240.

Armstrong, R.M., Samuel, A.R., Carpenter, W.C., Rama Kant, and Knowles, N.J. (1994) A comparative study of serological and biochemical methods for strain differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease type A viruses. Vet. Microbiol., 39, 285-298.

Bergmann, I.E., Augé de Mellor, P., Neitzert, E., Beck, E. and Gomes I. (1993) Diagnosis of persistent aphthovirus infection and its differentiation from vaccination response in cattle by use of enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot analysis with bioengineered nonstructural viral antigens. Am. J. Vet. Res., 54,. 825-831.

Cannon, R.M. and Roe, R.T. (1986) Livestock disease surveys. A field manual for veterinarians. Bureau of Rural Science, Department of Primary Industry. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

DeDiego, M., Brocchi, E., Mackay, D., DeSimone, F (1997). 'The use of the non-structural polyprotein 3ABC of FMD virus as a diagnostic antigen in ELISA to differentiate infected from vaccinated cattle'. Archives of Virology. (1997) 142: 2021-2033.

Donaldson, A.I., Herniman, K.A.J., Parker J., and Sellers, R.F. (1970), 'Further investigations on the airborne excretion of FMDV'. J. Hyg. (Cambridge), vol 68, 557-564.

Ferris, N.P. and Dawson, M. (1988) Routine application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in comparison with complement fixation for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth and swine vesicular diseases. Vet. Microbiol., 16, 201-209.

Ferris, N.P., and Donaldson, A.I. (1984) 'Comparative sensitivity of bovine thyroid cells and BHK-21 cells for innocuity testing of inactivated Foot Mouth Disease virus suspensions.' Report of a session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Brescia 26-28 June 1984, 7-9.

Golding, S.M., Hedger, R.S. and Talbot, P. (1976) Radial immuno-diffusion and serum-neutralisation techniques for the assay of antibodies to swine vesicular disease. Res. Vet. Sci., 20, 142-147.

Hamblin, C., Barnett, I.T.R. and Hedger, R.S. (1986a) A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. I Development and method of ELISA. J. Immun. Meth., 93, 115-121.

Hamblin, C., Barnett, I.T.R. and Crowther, J.R. (1986b) A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. II Application. J. Immun. Meth., 93, 123-129.

House, C. and House J.A. (1989), 'Evaluation of techniques to demonstrate FMDV in bovine tongue epithelium: comparison of the sensitivity of cattle, mice, primary cell cultures, cryopreserved cell cultures and established cell lines'. Vet. Microbiol,. vol 20, 99-109.

Karber, G. (1931) 50% end-point calculation. Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmak., 162, 480-483.

King, A.M.Q., McCahon, D., Newman, J.W.I., Crowther, J.R. and Carpenter, W.C. (1983) Electrofocusing structural and induced proteins of aphthovirus. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 104, 219-233.

Kitching, R.P., Rendle R., and Ferris, N.P. (1988) 'Rapid correlation between field isolates and vaccine strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus' Vaccine, vol 6, 403-408.

Knowles, N.J.and Hedger, R.S. (1985) A study of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their structural polypeptides. Vet. Microbiol., 10, 347-357.

Knowles, N.J. and Samuel, A.R. (1994) Polymerase chain reaction amplification and cycle sequencing of the 1D (VP1) gene of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. Report of the Session of the Research Group of the Standing Technical Committee of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Vienna, Austria, 19-22 September, 1994.

Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, : 227, 680-685.

Mackay, D.K.J., Forsyth, M.A., Davies, P.R., Berlinzani, A., Belsham, G.J., Flint, M., Ryan, M.D. 'Differentiating infection from vaccination in foot-and-mouth disease using a panel of recombinant, non-structural proteins in ELISA'. Vaccine. (1998) 16(5)446-459.

Marquardt, O, Straub, O.C., Ahl, R. and Haas, B. (1995) Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in nasal swabs of asymptomatic cattle by RT-PCR within 24 hours. J. Virol. Meth., 53, 255-261.

Robson, K.J.H., Crowther, J.R., King, A.M.Q.and Brown, F. (1979) Comparative biochemical and serological analysis of five isolates of a single serotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J. Gen. Virol., 45, 579-590.

Roeder, P.L.and Le Blanc Smith, P.M. (1987) Detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a sensitive, rapid and reliable technique for primary diagnosis. Res. Vet. Sci., 43, 225-232.

Rweyemamu, M.M., Booth J.C., Head M. and Pay T.W.F. (1978). Microneutralisation tests for serological typing and subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains. J. Hygiene (Camb) 81, 107-123.

Snowdon, W.A. (1966), 'Growth of FMDV in monolayer cultures of calf thyroid cells'. Nature, vol 210, 1079-1080.

Thrusfield, M. (1995) Veterinary Epidemiology. Second edition, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.

   


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