Actual costs/losses using 'stamping out'

Predicted costs/losses using limited zone vaccination and 'stamping out'

Predicted costs/losses using annual vaccination

The Danish FMD epizootic in 1982 affected 22 farms and the disease was eradicated by the destruction of diseased animals with compensation. Total cost was £32.9 million for the period 1982-1991.

Cost-benefit analysis was done for two hypothetical scenarios: (1) destruction of diseased animals along with limited ring-zonal vaccination and (2) annual preventative vaccination. Predicted costs for the period 1982-1991 were £96.2 million and £190.6 million, respectively.

It was assumed that the frequency of FMD outbreaks in Denmark was once every 10 years and that ring-zonal vaccination would result in a loss of exports for 4 years after the outbreak year. Loss of exports related chiefly to the meat trade of Denmark.

Public = including compensation, destruction, burial, disinfection. Direct = including loss of return on products, change in slaughterhouse practices. Indirect = including loss of exports and reduction of prices. Vacc'n = vaccination Costs/losses are expressed as UK sterling at 1982 exchange rates.

Adapted from Stougaard (1985).