The disease

Epidemiology

Related
topics

Pathogenesis of FMD

Airborne excretion by species

Infection with FMD can occur via a variety of routes:

• Inhalation

• Ingestion

• Entry via damaged epithelia

• Iatrogenic

Dose required to initiate infection by different routes -

Species	Respiratory	Oral
Cattle	10 - 1000	3 million
Sheep	15 - 100	Not known
Pigs	400 (approx)	105

The table shows typical examples of the minimum number of infectious units (tissue culture infective dose; TCID₅₀) required to initiate experimental infection by a variety of routes. The exact doses required vary according to the strain of FMD used and the experimental protocol.

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